How do fuel injection systems compare to carburetor systems regarding susceptibility to impact icing?

Fuel injection systems are indeed generally less susceptible to icing compared to carburetor systems. This is because they do not rely on venturi effect and do not mix fuel and air in the same manner as carburetors. In carburetor systems, the fuel is vaporized as it passes through a narrow passage, which significantly cools the mixture due to the physics of vaporization. This cooling effect can lead to the formation of ice, particularly in humid conditions where temperature drops, causing a problem known as carburetor icing.

Fuel injection systems, on the other hand, deliver fuel directly into the combustion chamber or, depending on the design, just upstream of the intake valves without this significant cooling effect associated with mixing fuel and air. Therefore, they generally have a reduced risk of icing related to the induction system.

It is also important to clarify that while it is inaccurate to say fuel injection systems are entirely unaffected by icing or that both systems have the same level of susceptibility, these distinctions help clarify how the design and operation of the two fuel systems mitigate the risks associated with icing.