In a right descending turn, what happens to the aircraft if excessive rudder is applied incorrectly?

In a right descending turn, if excessive rudder is applied incorrectly, the most likely outcome is the development of a spin. This can occur because the application of excessive rudder disrupts the balance between the aircraft's yaw and roll motions. In a coordinated turn, the ailerons create a roll toward the direction of the turn while the rudder helps keep the airplane's nose pointed in that direction.

When too much rudder is applied, it can cause the airplane to yaw excessively in the direction of the turn, leading to increased angle of attack on the wings. If the angle of attack exceeds the critical angle for one wing while the other wing is still producing lift, it can cause the wing with a higher angle of attack to stall first. Once this stall occurs, the airplane may begin to enter a spin, particularly if the pilot does not immediately counteract the yaw with opposite rudder and reduce the angle of attack.

Understanding the relationship between rudder input, aileron input, and the aircraft's response in a turn is crucial for maintaining control and preventing a spin during flight maneuvers. In light of this, the correct response illustrates the importance of coordinated flight and awareness of the effects of excessive control inputs.