To endorse a student pilot for solo cross-country privileges, what must an instructor determine?

An instructor must determine that the student’s preparation and planning are adequate to endorse them for solo cross-country privileges. This involves ensuring that the student understands the necessary flight planning processes, including route selection, navigation, fuel calculations, weight and balance considerations, and emergency procedures. The focus on adequate preparation reflects the responsibility of the instructor to ensure that the student can independently handle the challenges of cross-country flight, which includes the ability to make sound judgments based on the given circumstances.

While financial ability, weather conditions, and familiarity with aircraft maintenance are important considerations in aviation, they do not directly relate to the student’s capability to conduct a solo cross-country flight. Therefore, the emphasis on preparation and planning is critical in establishing the student's readiness to undertake such a flight safely.