Which type of aircraft requires the pilot in command to hold a type rating?

A type rating is a certification that allows a pilot to operate a specific category of aircraft, typically larger or more complex than standard single-engine airplanes. Turbo-jet powered airplanes fall into this category due to their advanced systems, performance capabilities, and technical complexities that necessitate thorough training and knowledge.

To operate a turbo-jet powered aircraft, a pilot must demonstrate proficiency in the specific aircraft type and understand its unique operational characteristics, such as high-speed handling, specific emergency procedures, and systems management. This requirement exists to ensure safety and efficiency in the operation of these more sophisticated airplanes.

In contrast, single-engine land airplanes, light-sport aircraft, and multiengine piston airplanes typically do not require a type rating for operation, though they may be subject to different endorsements and training requirements based on their complexity and performance. This distinction in requirements is primarily due to the operational and safety considerations associated with flying more advanced aircraft like turbo-jets.